![]() ![]() The injury thresholds of overpressure were 29.0, 29.5, and 41.2 kPa for the upper respiratory tract, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract, respectively, at a single exposure. Explosive experiments conducted on sheep have shown that the lung is most sensitive to trinitrotoluene (TNT) explosions, whereas the upper respiratory tract is most sensitive to muzzle explosion waves. The most commonly injured organ in an explosion is indeed the lungs, which may be unaccompanied by any aggravation to the heart or abdominal organs. A high velocity fragment striking the extremity aggravates blast injury to the lungs. Research showed that the functional and morphological damage to animals is most severe in combined injury groups. The main physiological characteristics of PBLI are pulmonary hemorrhage, edema, and microcirculation dysfunction, alveolar rupture, pulmonary bullae, and atelectasis any or all of these may be present at varying extent of severity.įorm literature, previous researchers had explored lung injury effects and explosion shock wave mechanisms. In a study on explosive injury victims who survived to emergency admission, PBLI was present in 11.2% of 648, 16.2% of mounted injuries, and 17.1% of dismounted injuries in the same sample developed for PBLI, which is significantly associated with increased mortality. The incidence of primary blast lung injury (PBLI) in immediate fatalities may be as high as 47%. The lung, as a gas-containing organ, is highly vulnerable to explosive overpressure and particularly susceptible to barotrauma. Injury to the lung as induced by the weapons is one of the most dangerous, and even fatal, results of an explosion. IntroductionĮxplosive weapons may severely injure civilians as well as state officials during military conflicts and terrorist attacks. As a novel attempt, the investigation provided here may serve to improve the current shock wave injury mechanism. ![]() The overpressure damage mechanism primarily involves the collapse and rupture of pulmonary alveolus in the lung tissue. ![]() Mild, moderate, and severe injuries destroyed some, most, or all alveolar structures, correspondingly, as well as producing partial cell apoptosis. The shock wave overpressure of 69–102 kPa caused mild-to-moderate injury the shock wave overpressure of 102–249 kPa caused moderate injury the shock wave overpressure of 249–390 kPa resulted in moderate-to-severe injury and the shock wave overpressure of 390–533 kPa caused severe injury to the rabbit. Damage to the rabbit lungs caused by shock wave overpressure was investigated through observation, anatomical analysis, and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining processing. The peak overpressure of the shock wave was 533, 390, 249, 102, and 69 kPa at the respective test points. Six free-field explosion experiments, each with 500 g trinitrotoluene (TNT), were conducted as the shock wave overpressure acting on the rabbits was measured. ![]() We do have a cage special, which has a brand new cage a bag of feed, and a bunny of your choice for 125.The purpose of this study was to explore the damage effects and injury mechanism of free-field explosion shock waves on rabbit lungs. Peacocks, long tails blue or Spaulding 250.00 each.īlack Hawaiian sheep we have four females left at 150.00 each.įresh raw honey, harvested about a week ago at 4.00 a bear.īunnies, we are down to the last few bunnies for the season we have a summer special going on 35.00 each. Peacocks, peahens, Spaulding’s, opals, cameos, bronze, bronze black shoulder 155.00 each. Guinea chicks, many colors, white, pied, pearl, purple 6.00 each. Young red bourbon turkeys, toms only 50.00 each. (SOLD OUT)Īdult geese, trio of Sebastopol geese two females and one male 300.00 Can discount for volume sales.īaby ducks, Cayuga, khaki Campbell about two weeks old 8.00 each, three to four weeks old 10.00 each.īaby geese, White Chinese, we only have 5 left 15.00 each. Quail chicks, going on three weeks old 2.00 each. Laying hens, black Australorps 20.00 each. Laying hens, red sex links five months old 20.00 each. Hours of operation 10-6 seven days a weekĬhicks, blue French copper Marans, Cuckoo Marans, olive eggers, all females 6.00 each.Ĭhicks, two weeks old Easter eggers 7.00 each. ![]()
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